Look up water and steam properties without flipping through printed tables. Enter a temperature or pressure for saturated steam, a pressure and temperature for superheated steam or compressed water, or a pressure with quality, enthalpy or entropy, and get every property computed from the IAPWS-IF97 industrial formulation.
Last updated:
Units
°C or °F, following the units choice
%
0% = saturated liquid, 100% = dry saturated vapor
kJ/kg (SI) or Btu/lb (US)
kJ/kg·K (SI) or Btu/lb·°F (US)
Enter your values to see the result.
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How to use the Steam Table Calculator
Choose what you know: a saturation temperature or pressure, pressure + temperature, or pressure + quality, enthalpy or entropy.
Pick the units (SI or US) and whether your pressure is absolute or gauge.
Enter the values; results update as you type, or press Calculate properties.
Read the main property and the full list: enthalpy, entropy, volume, internal energy, quality and phase.
Use the tables below the results for nearby saturation points or the whole isobar, and download them as CSV.
How steam properties are calculated
This calculator implements the IAPWS-IF97 equations directly in your browser. Liquid water (region 1) and steam (region 2) use a dimensionless Gibbs free energy g(p, T); every other property comes from its derivatives, for example v = ∂g/∂p, h = g − T·∂g/∂T and s = −∂g/∂T. Near the critical point (region 3, above 350 °C and roughly 165 bar) a Helmholtz free energy f(ρ, T) is used and the density is solved for your pressure. The boiling line (region 4) is a quadratic in a transformed temperature that gives psat(T) and Tsat(p) without iteration.
For wet steam, each property is a mass-weighted mix of saturated liquid (f) and saturated vapor (g): h = hf + x·hfg, where x is the quality. Rearranged, x = (h − hf) ÷ hfg finds the dryness of steam from a measured enthalpy, for example after a throttling calorimeter.
Reference state: internal energy and entropy of saturated liquid water at the triple point (0.01 °C) are zero, the same convention used in published SI and US steam tables. US values are the SI results converted with 1 kJ/kg = 0.42992 Btu/lb and 1 kJ/kg·K = 0.23885 Btu/lb·°F.
Saturated steam: quick reference
Pressure (bar abs)
Tsat (°C)
vg (m³/kg)
hf (kJ/kg)
hfg (kJ/kg)
hg (kJ/kg)
0.01
6.97
129.1833
29.3
2484.4
2513.7
0.05
32.88
28.1863
137.8
2423.0
2560.8
0.1
45.81
14.6706
191.8
2392.1
2583.9
0.5
81.32
3.2401
340.5
2304.7
2645.2
1
99.61
1.6940
417.4
2257.5
2674.9
1.01325
99.97
1.6733
419.0
2256.5
2675.5
2
120.21
0.8857
504.7
2201.6
2706.2
3
133.53
0.6058
561.5
2163.4
2724.9
5
151.84
0.3748
640.2
2107.9
2748.1
7
164.95
0.2728
697.1
2065.6
2762.7
10
179.89
0.1943
762.7
2014.4
2777.1
15
198.30
0.1317
844.7
1946.3
2791.0
20
212.38
0.09958
908.6
1889.8
2798.4
30
233.86
0.06666
1008.4
1794.9
2803.3
40
250.36
0.04978
1087.4
1713.5
2800.9
50
263.94
0.03945
1154.5
1639.7
2794.2
100
311.00
0.01803
1407.9
1317.6
2725.5
150
342.16
0.01034
1610.2
1000.7
2610.9
200
365.75
0.00586
1827.1
584.3
2411.4
Values computed with the same IF97 code as the calculator. Notice how latent heat (hfg) shrinks as pressure rises, which is why low-pressure steam delivers more heat per kilogram when it condenses, while high-pressure steam is more compact to distribute.
Practical tips
Heating with steam: the useful heat is mostly the latent heat hfg. Steam at 90% quality delivers only about 90% of that, so wet steam reduces heat-exchanger output and causes erosion.
Turbine work: an ideal turbine expands at constant entropy. Use the pressure + entropy mode with the inlet entropy and the exhaust pressure to find the ideal exhaust enthalpy and quality; the enthalpy drop is the ideal work per kilogram.
Flash steam: when hot condensate drops to a lower pressure, the fraction that flashes is (hf,high − hf,low) ÷ hfg,low.
Gauge vs absolute: a boiler gauge reading of 0 psig is about 14.7 psia, where water boils at 212 °F (100 °C at 1.01325 bar).
Frequently asked questions
What is a steam table?
A steam table lists the thermodynamic properties of water and steam, such as pressure, temperature, specific volume, enthalpy and entropy, at many states. Engineers use it to size boilers, turbines, heat exchangers and steam traps. This calculator computes the same values on demand from the IAPWS-IF97 equations instead of interpolating printed tables.
What is IAPWS-IF97?
IAPWS-IF97 is the Industrial Formulation 1997 for the Thermodynamic Properties of Water and Steam, published by the International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam. It splits the water/steam range into regions with their own equations: region 1 for liquid, region 2 for vapor, region 3 near the critical point and region 4 for the saturation line. It is the standard used in power plant and process engineering.
What is the enthalpy of saturated steam at 10 bar?
At 10 bar absolute (1 MPa) water boils at about 179.9 °C. Saturated liquid has about 762.7 kJ/kg, dry saturated steam about 2,777 kJ/kg, so the latent heat released on condensing is about 2,014 kJ/kg.
What is steam quality?
Quality, or dryness fraction, is the mass fraction of vapor in a wet steam mixture. At 0% the water is saturated liquid and at 100% it is dry saturated vapor. Mixture properties are found by weighting: h = hf + x × hfg, and the same for volume, entropy and internal energy.
What is the difference between saturated and superheated steam?
Saturated steam is at the boiling temperature for its pressure and is in balance with liquid water. Superheated steam has been heated above that temperature at the same pressure; the difference is the degrees of superheat. Superheated steam carries no liquid droplets, which is why turbines use it.
Should I enter absolute or gauge pressure?
Steam tables are based on absolute pressure. If your gauge reads 150 psig, choose psig (or bar(g)) and the calculator adds standard atmospheric pressure (14.696 psi or 1.01325 bar). For accurate work at high altitude, convert to absolute pressure with your local atmospheric pressure and enter psia or bar absolute.
Why can't I calculate above 800 °C or exactly at the critical point?
IF97 region 5 (800 to 2,000 °C at low pressure) is not included here, and right at the critical point (373.946 °C, 220.64 bar) the liquid and vapor become identical, so saturated properties are limited to just below it. Supercritical states above the critical pressure are supported with the pressure + temperature mode.
Are all the tools on FreeToolCabin tested for quality and accuracy?
Yes! Every tool on our site undergoes automated Q/A testing in real browser environments to ensure high precision, correct output, and zero errors. If you happen to spot a bug or have a suggestion, please contact us at [email protected] and our team will review it right away.